In 1989, Prof. Adam Mazor initiated the idea of preparing a comprehensive, multidisciplinary, and long-term master plan for Israel in the 2000s. The result was “Israel 2020,” the program with the largest scope ever prepared in Israel. About 250 researchers from a wide variety of fields took part and worked for about seven years on writing it. For the first time, all the economic, social, infrastructure and environmental fields were included in one plan, with the aim of offering ways for the State of Israel to deal with the challenges of the 21st century. In particular, the program sought to present solutions to the three main problems facing the State of Israel in the 21st century: accelerated population growth, lack of land, and closing the economic gap between Israel and the developed countries.